天壇英文導(dǎo)游詞
作為一名默默奉獻(xiàn)的導(dǎo)游，常常要根據(jù)講解需要編寫導(dǎo)游詞，導(dǎo)游詞不是以一代百、千篇一律的，它必須是從實(shí)際出發(fā)，因人、因時(shí)而異，有針對(duì)性的。那么問(wèn)題來(lái)了，導(dǎo)游詞應(yīng)該怎么寫？下面是小編為大家整理的天壇英文導(dǎo)游詞，歡迎閱讀與收藏。
天壇英文導(dǎo)游詞1
(Inside the South Gate of the Temple of Heaven)
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Welcome to the temple of Heaven. (After self-introduction) preserved cultural heritages of China. There are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad. All in all, there are 12 million visitors very year. Now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter. It will take roughly one hour. Mind you, the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the God of Heaven.
(Along the Southern Sacred Road leading to the Circular Mound Altar)
The largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to Heaven, the Temple of Heaven served as an exclusive altar for Chinese monarchs during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest. But why?
The ancient Chinese believed that Heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind, and thus worshiping rites dedicated to Heaven came into being. The Heaven the ancient Chinese referred to was actually the Universe, or nature. In those days, there were specific rites of worship. This was especially true during the Ming and Qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.
The Temple of Heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty. Situated in the southern part of the city, this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares. To better symbolize heaven and earth, the northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square. The whole compound is enclosed by two walls, a square wall outside a round one. The outer area is characterized by suburban scenery, while the inner part is used for sacrifices. The inner enclosure consists of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest and the Circular Mound Altar.
(Along the Imperial Passage leading from the Southern Lattice Star Gate in front of the Circular Mound Altar)
The Circular Mound Altar is enclosed by two walls, each containing four groups of Southern Lattice Star Gate, each in turn consisting of three doors, with 24 marble doors altogether. Standing on the passage facing north, you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other. This reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs, while the narrower one was used by courtiers.
On the day of the ceremony, the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs. He ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the alter.
(Atop the Circular Mound Alter)
we are now on the top terrace of the Altar, or the third terrace. Each terrace has a flight of 9 steps. At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps. At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone. The number of stones in the first ring is 9, in the second, 18, up to 81 in the 9th ring. Even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiple of 9. But why?
天壇英文導(dǎo)游詞2
各位游客，我們今天所要參觀的就是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天壇。
明朝永樂(lè)皇帝遷都北京以后，在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了這作用于祭天的圣壇，占地面積達(dá)到了273萬(wàn)平方米。主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天壇有外壇墻和內(nèi)壇墻，北面是圓形，南面是方形，取意天圓地方。在一開(kāi)始，祭天和祭地都是天壇，直到明嘉靖年間在北城修建了地壇，才分開(kāi)的，并且新增了圜丘壇，用于孟冬祭天，把原來(lái)的大祀殿改為大享殿，專門用于孟春祈谷，當(dāng)時(shí)殿宇屋頂已經(jīng)是三重檐了，從上至下的藍(lán)黃綠三色瓦分別代表了天地萬(wàn)物。而在乾隆年間，有將大享殿改為現(xiàn)在的祈年殿，而將屋頂瓦片都改成了藍(lán)色的琉璃瓦。從而形成了今天我們所看到的這個(gè)世界上最大的祭天建筑群。
可是這樣一個(gè)祭天圣地，卻也曾經(jīng)在1860年時(shí)遭到英法聯(lián)軍的洗劫，繼而在1900年的時(shí)候又遭到了八國(guó)聯(lián)軍的蹂躪。在1916年袁世凱登基的時(shí)候也曾經(jīng)在天壇上演了一出祭天的鬧劇。在1918年，天壇最終還是以公園開(kāi)放。解放以后天壇不僅成了著名的旅游景點(diǎn)，而且還是北京城市綠地的組成部分，來(lái)這里的不光是旅游者，還不乏一些專門為了強(qiáng)身健體的老人們。
現(xiàn)在就讓我們沿著當(dāng)年皇帝登壇的路線開(kāi)始此次游覽。
說(shuō)完了神壇的奇妙，我在給您介紹一下祭天大典的盛況。到了每年的冬至，皇帝就要在這里祭天。在大典前兩天，皇帝要在故宮里進(jìn)行齋戒，而到了第三天，也就是冬至前一天，就要到天壇的齋宮進(jìn)行齋戒。冬至那天，在日出前七刻，現(xiàn)在的凌晨四點(diǎn)多，奏報(bào)時(shí)辰，皇帝起駕，齋宮東北角的鐘樓開(kāi)始鳴鐘。到具服臺(tái)盥洗更衣，神牌都送到臺(tái)面相應(yīng)的位置，也就是七組神位，稱作七幄;在圜丘前燔柴爐上放一只牛犢，用松枝燔燒，西南的望燈桿望燈高懸，點(diǎn)燃蟠龍通宵寶蠟，臺(tái)南廣場(chǎng)上排列著奏樂(lè)隊(duì)，配合著中和韶樂(lè)，在文武百官的陪同下，祭天大典就正式開(kāi)始了，皇帝由南欞星左門登壇，這時(shí)鐘聲停止，到了第二層南側(cè)拜位站好后，聽(tīng)候司贊人報(bào)儀程。恭讀至皇天上帝的祝文。禮儀結(jié)束以后，要將神位前的貢品分別送到燔柴爐(從正位幄次撤下的祭品再次焚燒，皇帝也要一旁恭立目視，稱為望燎)和燎爐(圜丘壇共有12座燎爐，在瘞坎北側(cè)，從東向西排列著8個(gè);內(nèi)圍護(hù)墻東西欞星門外各有一對(duì)。從配位幄次車下的祭品分別送到8個(gè)燎爐內(nèi)焚燒，而四個(gè)從位幄次的祭品送到欞星門處)焚燒，煙霧騰空，象征著送到天庭。而后還要將牛尾、牛毛、牛血送到瘞坎掩埋，象征不忘祖先茹毛飲血之意。在這個(gè)典禮上，需要特別提到的是皇帝恭讀祝文所站立的地方，就是剛才所說(shuō)的臺(tái)面中心天心石。他是天壇三大聲學(xué)現(xiàn)象之一。在這里朗讀的時(shí)候聲音特別洪亮，而且現(xiàn)在這里也是一樣的，各位游客不妨體會(huì)一下這奇特的效果，也像當(dāng)年的皇帝一樣，向上天訴說(shuō)自己美好的愿望。
現(xiàn)在咱們繼續(xù)沿著中軸線行走，面前的建筑叫做天庫(kù)，而它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年，起初叫做泰神殿，到了十七年，改名為現(xiàn)在的皇穹宇，它的作用就是在平日存放圜丘壇祭祀主神的地方，所以這里也叫圜丘壇寢宮。殿內(nèi)正面的圓形石臺(tái)上安放的'就是皇天上帝的神牌，而前邊兩側(cè)的四個(gè)方形石臺(tái)上安放的則是八位祖先神主，還有東西配殿用來(lái)存放從祀神位。而皇穹宇三個(gè)字也分別代表了至高無(wú)上，天，宇宙的意思，更加顯示出它的神圣和至尊。
它是一座建筑藝術(shù)價(jià)值非常高的殿宇，總體呈圓形，下邊是高2.85米的圓形須彌座，為青白石筑成，有東南西三個(gè)方向的出陛，也就是臺(tái)階，而在南向出陛還有二龍戲珠的丹陛石。上邊是藍(lán)色筒瓦單檐攢尖鎏金寶頂。而在殿內(nèi)還有八根檐柱和八根金柱，大殿上架沒(méi)有橫梁承托，全都是靠各類斗拱層層上疊來(lái)支撐，步步收縮，從而形成了精美的穹隆圓頂。這里邊還運(yùn)用了物理學(xué)中的杠桿原理。這組建筑不僅十分精美，而且還有回音壁和三音石，這和剛才我們說(shuō)的天心石合稱天壇三大聲學(xué)現(xiàn)象。回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墻，圍墻建造的磨磚對(duì)縫，十分的平滑，是很好的聲音載體，可以傳聲，在傳遞途中對(duì)聲音損失極小，只要對(duì)著墻說(shuō)話，就算相隔四五十米，見(jiàn)不到面，都可以清晰的聽(tīng)到對(duì)方說(shuō)話。而三音石則是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三塊石頭，您站在第一塊石頭上拍手可以聽(tīng)到一次回音，第二塊石頭可以聽(tīng)到兩次，而第三塊就可以聽(tīng)到三次回音，所以稱為三音石。在后來(lái)也有人把它叫做三才石，取天地人三才的意思。
也許您剛才就已經(jīng)注意到了，天壇有非常多的柏樹(shù)，不錯(cuò)，它就好像北京一個(gè)天然的氧吧。而在這許多古柏當(dāng)中，有一株500余歲的檜柏，就是回音壁西墻外的這棵九龍柏。它的樹(shù)干紋理非常的奇特，布滿了溝壑，而且旋轉(zhuǎn)扭曲，好像9條蟠龍纏繞嬉戲，所以叫它九龍柏真是一點(diǎn)也不過(guò)分。
謝謝大家，如有不妥之處，還望見(jiàn)諒。
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